Computer Curse or a Boon - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 476 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Computer considered as Machinery God , is an electronic device that reduces human laborious effort. In this 21st century,computer can be known by the name of next human brain. The invention of computer made human life much easier,faster and comfortable. Computer is regarded as one of the greatest achievements made by Scientist till now. Computer ,an electronic device, which has made life easier and comfortable is today surrounded with many questions of threats . Whether Computers are helping us or creating problem to us is matter of discussion. This is a topic to be put forward in the mass discussion. No doubt,the use of computer has lowered human labor lots and lots The work which required much time before can now be done simply within fraction of seconds. This is one of the main cons of computers. Sitting in a room and controlling world has now become possible due to discovery of computers. Communication has become possible due to internet. Information can be easily gained through internet. Globalization has become possible due to computers. Computers are used in each and every sector. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Computer Curse or a Boon" essay for you Create order From offices to school,from colleges to houses everywhere it is used. Even in defense system it is used. In hospitals to keep record of patients,to find symptoms of various diseases its been used. Similarly,it is been used for entertainment by teenagers. Likewise,it is been used as source of education. Distance education has become possible. So, these are the advantages of invention of computers which might make us think that they are very useful. But one thing that must be kept in mind is its negative aspect too. Computer hackers are the main cause for its negativity. Online robbery has become possible. Hackers are actively involved in cyber crime. Piracy has become so frequent that business organization has to face heavy loss. Important file and datas can be easily stolen which might be foundation of a country. Porn sites are been viewed by people which is promoting rapes and many other violent crimes. Similarly,it is making students mind dull. To do simple mathematical calculation they prefer use of computers. People have become sluggish. Their is no physical work,only mental work is performed. Despite of its negative aspect,the invention of computer can be considered as boon to us as its advantages outcomes disadvantages. Also,if used properly then computer are boon or else it is curse for entire mankind. Boon or curse depends on the hand of person using it. Nothing is perfect but the use of computer and the works performed by it is no doubt a perfect . It has proven to the fact that nothing is impossible. Even in the word impossible there is I m possible. Thats why computer is greatest present of the present and also will be gift to the future by us

Nations With A System Of Liberal Democracy - 1734 Words

Nations with a system of liberal democracy have a hope to achieve a structure of government that benefits all citizens equally (Callan, p. 1, 2004). However, countries that claim to be liberal representative democracies (such as the United States, New Zealand, and the Britain) have failed to be representative of all the citizens. Due to historical occurrences, traditional gender roles, and lack of activism from the elite (white men in positions of power), women have been denied their natural human rights and, as a result, their full potential to become active in the political sphere. As mentioned by Anne Phillips in Engendering Democracy, â€Å"[s]ex remains a significant†¦indicator of where and how much we are politically involved†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (99). This†¦show more content†¦By assuming â€Å"men† and â€Å"citizens† can be used interchangeably, we are excluding women from documents that directly talk about equality and freedom in liberal democracies. T his shows how separation of men and women rank is ingrained in our society. This is not limited to the United States. Many leading liberal democracies, such as the United Kingdom, have documentation that uses the word â€Å"men† when referring to the nation’s citizens (Bill of Rights, 1689). Today, there lies a separation of the capabilities of men and women in the minds of some. This is based on a false understanding of gender roles, where women must ‘live up to’ their role of a procreating mother. As Anne Phillips explains in Engendering Democracy society has programmed young minds to think it is the women’s duty to â€Å"†¦[collect] the children and [make] the tea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and this truly is â€Å"a vital political concern† (Phillips, 97). The issue lies in status quo, which the elite continue to apply in nations worldwide. By training young minds to believe they have a specific role to live up to, we are resisting citizenâ€℠¢s natural growth and are instead demanding citizens to follow what has always been done. Women are told to complete household and family duties while men are told to go into the workforce and bring in an income and support his family. This system of patriarchy allows men to becomeShow MoreRelatedLiberal Democracies Vs. Liberal Democracy Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesLiberal democracies, are defined as the system in which governmental body operate under the principle of individual rights and work to protect them regardless of religion, sect, ethnicity etc. Liberal democracies are thought to be secular in nature and generally do not account for religions or ethnicities rather they promote a certain nationalistic perspective throughout the state. Laws are made through majority vote in the parliament and are meant to be logical in nature rather than derived fromRead MoreIs Democracy Promotion A Mask For Hegemonic Power?1546 Words   |  7 PagesIs democracy-promotion a mask for hege monic power? Should liberal democracies impose their principles, values and ideals upon less democratic states? Hegemony is the concept meaning primacy of the leading state over the subordinate states without the use of any direct forms of violence (invasion, occupation or annexation). Many scholars in international relations have tried to find an answer to these questions, but they are still open to a much debate and discussion. Liberals believe that democracyRead MoreExploring the Differences Between Liberal Democratic, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Political Systems1246 Words   |  5 PagesExploring the Differences Between Liberal Democratic, Authoritarian and Totalitarian Political Systems Defining political systems is a difficult thing to do as no single system is completely static, they often change dependant on things like war and trends in regimes, such as the recent insurgence in ‘liberal democracies’ means that the classifications of systems changes over time. The British Westminster system is considered to be a ‘liberal democracy’ however in the Second WorldRead MoreEssay on Democratic Peace1477 Words   |  6 Pagesapplied to nations and their handling of foreign affairs. There are currently two accepted arguments: (1) Democracies do not fight one another because they are self-organizing systems and are therefore fundamentally distinct from other states, and (2) they are as prone to conflict with no democracies or quasi-democracies as no democracies are with one another. These views on democratic peace are one of a â€Å"†¦ dyadic effect, which implies that democracies are only more peacefulRead MoreEconomic Theory, Democracy, and the Progressive Church690 Words   |  3 PagesEconomic Theory, Democracy, and the Progressive Church The overriding difference between modernization theory and dependency theory is that where modernization theory contends that there are universal practices that result in economic success, dependency theory states that poor countries are subordinated by wealthier ones in order to maintain the status quo. To this end, modernization theory involves the belief that by adopting principles of wealthy nations, such as technology and mass cultureRead MorePower And Wealth Spheres From The North And North East And South ( Ikenberry )1591 Words   |  7 Pagescultural, political and economic experiences gives way to the belief that the liberal world order is ending (Ikenberry, 57). However, Ikenberry dismisses this thought, as he believes that emerging great powers will want to maintain the basic rules and principles of the liberal world order (Ikenberry, 57). Ikenberry asserts that the power transition of North and the West to the East and the South is not the end of the liberal order but i ts ascendance (Ikenberry, 57). Furthermore, he has confidence thatRead MoreThe Future of Freedom1075 Words   |  5 Pagesmust make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In Zakarias book, he warns the readers of several telltale signs that their process toward a liberal democracyRead MoreThe Characteristics Of The Liberal Theory949 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics of the liberal theory, which highlights the ideas of democracy, free trade, multilateral cooperation and a rule-based international society that respects sovereignty and human rights (Introduction to Global Politics), to establish an state of freedom and justice, we can clear ly identify Japan as a liberal state. I would also divide the liberal theory in four different approaches: first, into the multilateral cooperation and acceptance of the international law and international system. Second, theRead More The Future of Freedom1081 Words   |  5 Pagesmust make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In Zakaria’s book, he warns the readers of several telltale signs that their process toward a liberal democracyRead MoreSummary Of The Book Fareed Zakaria 1563 Words   |  7 Pageselections, while failing to ensure the guarantee of liberties that are essential for the nation to flourish and prosper— is insufficient for a nation to be called democratic. In today’s world, what Zakaria considers â€Å"the democratic age,† most of American foreign policy visa-vie actors around the world is based on the premise that we are willing to prop, negotiate, and support nations that practice democracy. But the term is being used too loosely, declining in value, and essentially becoming meaningless

Poetry essay Free Essays

One of the most renowned American poets, named Emily Dickinson, was a woo man who seemed to be sad and depressed. Her poems had themes of happiness but h err most famous ones were about death. In the poem † I felt a funeral in my brain† she writes about how she imagines how her funeral will feel and look like. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Dickinson used literary devices such as imagery, similes, and alliteration to allow her theme of death and depression to be portrayed within the poem. Dickinson in her poem used imagery to create visual representations of dead h. She spoke about all of the people walking to see her at her own funeral. â€Å"l felt a funeral in my b rain, And mourners, to and fro, Kept treading treading. † The people constantly going in and out, never stopping, shows her hopelessness for herself, like the pain will never end, and it will all lead up to her death. The people treading back and forth are her depressed thoughts treading through her mind. The mourners and the pain they feel about the death of Dickinson are I n relation to her actual pain that’s going on inside her. The use of imagery at the â€Å"funeral† dispel y the theme of depression and death. The use of comparing two things apart but together;similes, aids with the t hem of death and depression in Dickinson poetry. The funeral is compared to a beat of drum. † A service like a drum†. The beating of a drum is like the beating of all of her thoughts constant TTYL going through her mind. All these thoughts that keep beating within her brain, begin to all fee el the same, and soon becomes numb to it all. The use of similes comparing the outmoded wit h Dickinson inner world is a manifestation of the theme of death and depression. Dickinson in her poetry uses same consonants sounds written together to allow for her theme to be emphasized. She writes about her body being put down into the ground . â€Å"And I dropped down and down†. The repetition of the consonant â€Å"D† in this case highlights, t he pain slowly getting worse and worse. Dickinson mind folding within itself, going into Dee per worlds of pain. Going â€Å"deeper and deeper† into the ground, or her mind, shows her lie nation from the outside world and only focusing on her pain, and not allowing for her self to g et better, and instantly just getting into a deeper depressed state. Alliteration allows for he r theme of death and depression to be portrayed across in her poetry. Emily Dickinson seemed to be a woman who has a great deal of depression n, and thoughts about death. In her poetry she creates the visual representation of her pain. S he compares in order to portray the depression. Using the same consonants allows for her feelings of pain to be emphasized. Dickinson, with the use of literary devices, allows her pain and h err thoughts about death and her depression to be expressed within her poetry. How to cite Poetry essay, Essays

Crystal Meadows Case Study free essay sample

The social problems emerged due to bad cultures from other countries. Cultures which we do not feed into our own cultural and religious values. Most young generations cannot identify and analyse what are the good and bad things. It could be eliminate the moral values in each young generation. The social evils that are plaguing our society today could hardly be catalogued, they are uncountable in the true sense of the assertion. Among the prominent social problems are the escalating crime waves, religious intolerance, disrespect for elders, laziness and lateness of duty, widespread of diseases, ostentatious spending, abortion, pre-marital pregnancy, elope (run off secretly to be married and usually without the consent or knowledge of one’s parent), disciplinary problem, psychological problem, slow down development of the country, and alcohol consumption. These are the effects of our social problem among Malaysian youth. First of all we will discuss the escalating crime waves among our Malaysian youth. These days our Malaysian youth are involve in many crime whether its small or big. One of the most common among our youth are drug abuse. Its sad to see the future of our country the be involve with this kinds of social problems, at a very young age they are throwing their lives and future away. We the society used to think that drug abuser are only among uneducated society and parents. This statements has change among the years as the children from educated and high society parents are one of the biggest drug abuser. These are the Malaysian youth with the free flow of money to buy all sorts of drug such as marijuana, ecstasy, cocaine and many more. This statement does not mean that the youth from the low income society are not involved. This are the youth that will cause many more crime due to their addiction to drugs. The drug abuser that come from this society does not have the free flow of money as the high society youth have to they will result to other ways. Ways such as being a snatch thief, house robber, stealing cars and motorcycle. Some of them will go as far to killing people to get what they want. Social ills among youths that occurred this period now. Accordingly, various measures should be highlighted to overcome social ills among youths. First is the role of parents. Parents should monitor and protect their children. In modern times, many parents busy with their career and leave their children without any independent oversight. Hence, monitoring of the parents is important to avoid social problems among youths. Thus, the role of communities in addressing social ills. Society plays an important role in addressing social problems. Community should not remain silent when you see something social ills that happen. It should have taken appropriate action. Happy and harmonious family is also very important to address the problem among youths. As example is eating together or watching television with family members. Having quality time with family members will be able to strengthen ties between families. Some other way to solve this problems that occur among youths, youths need to be selective in selecting friends. By this way the youths need to have good friend to avoid them trapped in social problems. Youths can preferred partners who will help them that can give great advice regarding social ill such as smoking, drug abuse, dumping baby and others. Most of the times in a day youths spend more time with their friends rather than their own families. This could give a great impact in their personality and style of thinking. Other than that, after school programs could overcome the social problem among youths. Programs that could attract the interest of the youths can prevent them from spending their time loitering around shopping complex, cyber cafe, and others places. Time they spend to carry out these activities cause them to be more disciplined. More extra co-curiculum activities should be held by the school, so that the teenagers and children will use their free-time for much more useful activities. Thus, they would not have time to be waste and doing useless activities which will leads them to involved in social problems. As most of the activities conduct for extra co-curriculum giving great moral values and have great point of views in life. Youths can learn and share of ideas with their friends. Mass media is one mechanism that has a great influence and effective in the formation of human personality. It is a socialization agent and plays an important role in growing and promoting practices morally in society. Mass media can shape the hearts manner, mentality and personality especially people who operate 24 hours. Mass media should be free from ideology grip secularism, the extreme commercial culture, ideology and material inducement to live in luxury. Mass media must have a basic philosophy and policies in line with the communication moral values of Islam. Officials should increase the mass media sense of accountability, responsibility and their obligation to enforce impartial and noble values such as truth, honesty and so forth. Consumer mass media, especially those who are responsible as parents, teachers, political leaders and administrators should be more wise in the lead, guide, improve rationality, maturity and alertness and ability to choose to broadcast a more useful waching by children or those who are under their care. Mass media can also actually be a vehicle through various channels such as information technology, advanced Internet, multimedia and so on. Last but not least and one of the main thing that can overcome this problem is the function of Religion. If a person obey the commands and needs of their religion they will not necessarily have been running into problems. Religion teaches every single of their people to be a good persons and be great person by obeying His orders and teach moral values to be a kind person and how to live their life. Therefore, loyal order of god can guide mankind to follow the truth, and not to go the wrong way. In other words, a good selection will help prevent social problems in the youths themselves. As a conclusion, social problems can only be solved not just by the person itself its also need the role of others in order to ensure youths to overcome the social problem. Every single component of the family, organization, friends and others that evolves should play their part in educating youths to live a great life ahead avoiding the social problem.

Employee Motivation Essay Example

Employee Motivation Essay In order to have employers who are committed whole heartedly the leaders must be optimistic in creating employees motivation. The desire of the leader is to have employees who are committed in their work no matter how the circumstances are. In order of maximizing the productivity of the business or the business environment the leader need to respond and acknowledge the different and often unique needs of their employees. The needs of the employees are usually unique and the leaders need to understand the personal needs according to their significance. The leaders should consider and provide the desires of his or her employees, i.e. security, affiliation, feeling of power, sense of ownership competence, meaning achievement et-cetera. A leader or manager who is optimal in leadership will acknowledge their employees when they do their best, he will know what the best he can do to his people and know the interest which the employees regard to be the best. Motivation will occur when the m anager or the leader knows his employees, understands how their day to day events or undertaking may affect their performance. A good leader will know what can motivate his or her employees and therefore he or she will develop strategies to motivate them (Weightman, 2007).Work place motivation can affect the out put in terms of quality and quantity of the business. For a continued growth in education around the world motivation and job satisfaction is essential factors among the teachers as well. Motivation strategies, skills and professional knowledge, resource and the level of competence will determine performance and success of the education system in any given country. For a greater productivity of professionals in teaching and a strong organization development with a good working environment, there is need to tailor motivation, towards these human resources. Motivation of the employees in the education system has become an important undertaking due to the current state of econo my globally.Teachers in both private and public sectors should be viewed as assets in which to increase the level of production and improve on the working environmental conditions. Motivation increases the productivity of employees and should be viewed as an integral part in day to day administration and policies. Due to societal changes teaching professionals has continued to place more occupational demand. Due to the complex issues of societies and environment, it is a concern to both the national governments globally and the administrative staffs to look into motivation in order to increase the productivity levels of teachers who often address complex issues of social concern often with limited funding (YesPakistan.com Staff Writer 2004).Motivation towards teachers has been examined and the implication towards professionals in teaching is now more focused.Strategies to Motivate TeachersMany primary and secondary schools lack quality education, the main reason being lack of teache rs’ motivation that results to lack of proper teaching. This is a problem that can erode of nation schools standards. If teachers are not motivated it means that most of the time they can be absent from work, they may leave the profession or they may become indifferent in classroom practices. As a consequence any form of government may incur a lot of expenses in training other teachers to replace those who have left the profession.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teaching performance among teachers is related to various sources of job satisfaction. Teachers can be dissatisfied by the payments and the fringe benefits, advancements, education policies and the system of administration and perhaps material rewards. Skills knowledge and competencies can be realized when challenging and often difficult tasks in education system can be mastered or tackled. A fair balance between employees input and their output need to be struck. The employee inp ut would include enthusiasm, skill level, hard work, tolerance etc, while output would include benefits being recognized, good or appropriate payment. In any profession good payment is an incentive that encourages the workers or employees to work harder.They become more enthusiastic and dedicated to their work. Good pay will mean that the employees have financial security. With financial security the employees will concentrate on their work and they don’t worry about how the end will meet. If the salary is inadequate the teachers will be forced to be absent from classroom and go and take an extra job to supplement the meager salary they get from teaching. If the balance is realized  Ã‚   there will be a strong and a productive relationship among employees and they will feel satisfied and therefore become motivated in their work if the teachers (as it happens to all employees) feel that their input are greater than their output they automatically become de-motivated. The res ponse to de-motivation can be of different ways that is they will reduce their effort of performance they can also disrupt the activities of the organization or they can become disgruntled (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm)The ministry of education expects high performance from teachers and is always curious about it. The ministry will also require certain degree of hard work, patriotism, loyalty, dedication, commitment from his or her employees. Similarly motivational strategies should not be underemphasized as motivation will promote the productivity of teachers. There are factors that influence the desire of a person or the behaviour of a person in the performance of work. These desires are explained by the â€Å"need-based† theories as explained by Abraham (1970). Motivation is explained as to occur within an individual†that is intrinsic†. According to this theory there are five needs of outermost importance to a person this include esteem, self actualization, physiological affiliation and security.Esteem needs are those of achievement, independence, respect, recognition, etc. Self actualization includes realization self development or realizing the full potential of a person. Physiological needs will include: food, pay, clothing, shelter, good working environment et-cetera. Affiliation needs are the needs of being accepted in work place, loved and the sense of feeling that you are part of the team or group. On the other hand security needs will include: job security, protection from any form of threat, etc. According to Abraham a need seizes to be a need once it is satisfied and can no longer motivate an employee. The employee can only be motivated by the need at the upper hierarchy (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm.)Another theory that is based on the need to fulfill as a result to satisfy workers is the two factor theory. According to this theory, job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are ind ependent factors; (hygiene factors) are those environmental factors that result to work dissatisfaction. Absence of hygiene factors will result to decline in work performance. Hygiene factors are associated with the job content that is the work condition, salary, relationship with the leaders, the day to day policies and administration, technical supervision etc. However these factors are not sufficient for job satisfaction. The factors that make the workers to work hard are the motivating factors. These are the factors that are related to what people actually do in the work place like, recognition, advancement et-cetera. The individual needs to have these factors which are referred to as the motivating factors (http://accel-team.com/motivation/.). Both the motivating factors and the hygiene factors are important, they act in different ways. If the concepts are applied in education system, an improvement of teaching, will results to improvement of schools. Then efforts should be gea red towards motivation of teachers and improve their capabilities. A good social physical and psychological climate in classroom can be created by teachers who are highly motivated and are â€Å"need satisfied†. A teacher is likely to integrate knowledge, skills if the job is satisfying.There are other factors that play a big role in enhancing teachers’ commitment in their job. These factors include meaningful and a work that is varied, psychic rewards,, support from the administration, participation in day to day activities and in decision making, positive feedback, availability of resources and payment which are reasonable according to the workload et-cetera. On the other hand merit pays and rewards given to teachers for effective teaching as extrinsic incentives do not affect job satisfaction. These extrinsic factors arise from the environmental working condition, while the intrinsic factors are the ones that motivate teachers to work to their desirable level of per formanceTo satisfy teachers and meet the goals of education it is necessary for the policy makers and administrators in the education system to understand job satisfaction needs for teachers and design a system of reward.In order for the teacher to meet their basic needs of shelter, clothing, food and health care, there is need for adequate policies and administration strategies in terms of good payment and benefits that correspond to the kind of job they do. Satisfying the needs of the teachers improve their performance, and enable them to function properly as their psychological well being is improved. Dissatisfaction with the job and lack of motivation resulting from lack of fringe benefits, underpayments, lack of advancements and rewards etc can result to teachers leaving the profession. If the ministry of education fails to pay attention to the teachers self esteem and dignity, they feel cheated, insecure and sometimes feel that they are underpaid. If such situations arise it w ill lead to casual disregard attitude towards work, frustrations, finally rebellion which will eventually result to strikes.Factors that motivate teachers do not depend only on administration and education policies but also on economic factors, social and cultural factors. â€Å"Equity and fairness† in all the work places determine motivation to employees and job satisfaction.In any department it is required that professionals utilize their mental and energy, take part in the production process of goods and services, interaction of professionals with peers and also define the professionals social status.Motivation to increase productivity of professionals in teaching can be increased through environmental and situational approaches. The administrative practices which were used traditionally may not be of any use. Professional teaching practices and the styles of teaching varies in accordance to the social needs and education of the staff. It is therefore necessary for the adm inistrators to change the styles of management in accordance to the requirements of teachers and also the students in order for the success of the education system.Reference:Adams Equity Theory; Balancing Employee Inputs and outputs, retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htmEmployee motivation, the organizational environment and productivity, retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://accel-team.com/motivation/.Weightman T (2007): Making Motivation Work: 30 Practical Exercises; Get to the heart of motivation quickly and effectively; retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://www.multimediahrd.com/item-Making-Motivation-Work-30-Practical-Exercises.html.YesPakistan.com Staff Writer (2004): Why Pakistans primary school teachers lack motivation retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://www.yespakistan.com/education/teacher_motivation.asp. Employee Motivation Essay Example Employee Motivation Essay In order to have employers who are committed whole heartedly the leaders must be optimistic in creating employees motivation. The desire of the leader is to have employees who are committed in their work no matter how the circumstances are. In order of maximizing the productivity of the business or the business environment the leader need to respond and acknowledge the different and often unique needs of their employees. The needs of the employees are usually unique and the leaders need to understand the personal needs according to their significance. The leaders should consider and provide the desires of his or her employees, i.e. security, affiliation, feeling of power, sense of ownership competence, meaning achievement et-cetera. A leader or manager who is optimal in leadership will acknowledge their employees when they do their best, he will know what the best he can do to his people and know the interest which the employees regard to be the best. Motivation will occur when the m anager or the leader knows his employees, understands how their day to day events or undertaking may affect their performance. A good leader will know what can motivate his or her employees and therefore he or she will develop strategies to motivate them (Weightman, 2007).Work place motivation can affect the out put in terms of quality and quantity of the business. For a continued growth in education around the world motivation and job satisfaction is essential factors among the teachers as well. Motivation strategies, skills and professional knowledge, resource and the level of competence will determine performance and success of the education system in any given country. For a greater productivity of professionals in teaching and a strong organization development with a good working environment, there is need to tailor motivation, towards these human resources. Motivation of the employees in the education system has become an important undertaking due to the current state of econo my globally.Teachers in both private and public sectors should be viewed as assets in which to increase the level of production and improve on the working environmental conditions. Motivation increases the productivity of employees and should be viewed as an integral part in day to day administration and policies. Due to societal changes teaching professionals has continued to place more occupational demand. Due to the complex issues of societies and environment, it is a concern to both the national governments globally and the administrative staffs to look into motivation in order to increase the productivity levels of teachers who often address complex issues of social concern often with limited funding (YesPakistan.com Staff Writer 2004).Motivation towards teachers has been examined and the implication towards professionals in teaching is now more focused.Strategies to Motivate TeachersMany primary and secondary schools lack quality education, the main reason being lack of teache rs’ motivation that results to lack of proper teaching. This is a problem that can erode of nation schools standards. If teachers are not motivated it means that most of the time they can be absent from work, they may leave the profession or they may become indifferent in classroom practices. As a consequence any form of government may incur a lot of expenses in training other teachers to replace those who have left the profession.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Teaching performance among teachers is related to various sources of job satisfaction. Teachers can be dissatisfied by the payments and the fringe benefits, advancements, education policies and the system of administration and perhaps material rewards. Skills knowledge and competencies can be realized when challenging and often difficult tasks in education system can be mastered or tackled. A fair balance between employees input and their output need to be struck. The employee inp ut would include enthusiasm, skill level, hard work, tolerance etc, while output would include benefits being recognized, good or appropriate payment. In any profession good payment is an incentive that encourages the workers or employees to work harder.They become more enthusiastic and dedicated to their work. Good pay will mean that the employees have financial security. With financial security the employees will concentrate on their work and they don’t worry about how the end will meet. If the salary is inadequate the teachers will be forced to be absent from classroom and go and take an extra job to supplement the meager salary they get from teaching. If the balance is realized  Ã‚   there will be a strong and a productive relationship among employees and they will feel satisfied and therefore become motivated in their work if the teachers (as it happens to all employees) feel that their input are greater than their output they automatically become de-motivated. The res ponse to de-motivation can be of different ways that is they will reduce their effort of performance they can also disrupt the activities of the organization or they can become disgruntled (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm)The ministry of education expects high performance from teachers and is always curious about it. The ministry will also require certain degree of hard work, patriotism, loyalty, dedication, commitment from his or her employees. Similarly motivational strategies should not be underemphasized as motivation will promote the productivity of teachers. There are factors that influence the desire of a person or the behaviour of a person in the performance of work. These desires are explained by the â€Å"need-based† theories as explained by Abraham (1970). Motivation is explained as to occur within an individual†that is intrinsic†. According to this theory there are five needs of outermost importance to a person this include esteem, self actualization, physiological affiliation and security.Esteem needs are those of achievement, independence, respect, recognition, etc. Self actualization includes realization self development or realizing the full potential of a person. Physiological needs will include: food, pay, clothing, shelter, good working environment et-cetera. Affiliation needs are the needs of being accepted in work place, loved and the sense of feeling that you are part of the team or group. On the other hand security needs will include: job security, protection from any form of threat, etc. According to Abraham a need seizes to be a need once it is satisfied and can no longer motivate an employee. The employee can only be motivated by the need at the upper hierarchy (http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htm.)Another theory that is based on the need to fulfill as a result to satisfy workers is the two factor theory. According to this theory, job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are ind ependent factors; (hygiene factors) are those environmental factors that result to work dissatisfaction. Absence of hygiene factors will result to decline in work performance. Hygiene factors are associated with the job content that is the work condition, salary, relationship with the leaders, the day to day policies and administration, technical supervision etc. However these factors are not sufficient for job satisfaction. The factors that make the workers to work hard are the motivating factors. These are the factors that are related to what people actually do in the work place like, recognition, advancement et-cetera. The individual needs to have these factors which are referred to as the motivating factors (http://accel-team.com/motivation/.). Both the motivating factors and the hygiene factors are important, they act in different ways. If the concepts are applied in education system, an improvement of teaching, will results to improvement of schools. Then efforts should be gea red towards motivation of teachers and improve their capabilities. A good social physical and psychological climate in classroom can be created by teachers who are highly motivated and are â€Å"need satisfied†. A teacher is likely to integrate knowledge, skills if the job is satisfying.There are other factors that play a big role in enhancing teachers’ commitment in their job. These factors include meaningful and a work that is varied, psychic rewards,, support from the administration, participation in day to day activities and in decision making, positive feedback, availability of resources and payment which are reasonable according to the workload et-cetera. On the other hand merit pays and rewards given to teachers for effective teaching as extrinsic incentives do not affect job satisfaction. These extrinsic factors arise from the environmental working condition, while the intrinsic factors are the ones that motivate teachers to work to their desirable level of per formanceTo satisfy teachers and meet the goals of education it is necessary for the policy makers and administrators in the education system to understand job satisfaction needs for teachers and design a system of reward.In order for the teacher to meet their basic needs of shelter, clothing, food and health care, there is need for adequate policies and administration strategies in terms of good payment and benefits that correspond to the kind of job they do. Satisfying the needs of the teachers improve their performance, and enable them to function properly as their psychological well being is improved. Dissatisfaction with the job and lack of motivation resulting from lack of fringe benefits, underpayments, lack of advancements and rewards etc can result to teachers leaving the profession. If the ministry of education fails to pay attention to the teachers self esteem and dignity, they feel cheated, insecure and sometimes feel that they are underpaid. If such situations arise it w ill lead to casual disregard attitude towards work, frustrations, finally rebellion which will eventually result to strikes.Factors that motivate teachers do not depend only on administration and education policies but also on economic factors, social and cultural factors. â€Å"Equity and fairness† in all the work places determine motivation to employees and job satisfaction.In any department it is required that professionals utilize their mental and energy, take part in the production process of goods and services, interaction of professionals with peers and also define the professionals social status.Motivation to increase productivity of professionals in teaching can be increased through environmental and situational approaches. The administrative practices which were used traditionally may not be of any use. Professional teaching practices and the styles of teaching varies in accordance to the social needs and education of the staff. It is therefore necessary for the adm inistrators to change the styles of management in accordance to the requirements of teachers and also the students in order for the success of the education system.Reference:Adams Equity Theory; Balancing Employee Inputs and outputs, retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_96.htmEmployee motivation, the organizational environment and productivity, retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://accel-team.com/motivation/.Weightman T (2007): Making Motivation Work: 30 Practical Exercises; Get to the heart of motivation quickly and effectively; retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://www.multimediahrd.com/item-Making-Motivation-Work-30-Practical-Exercises.html.YesPakistan.com Staff Writer (2004): Why Pakistans primary school teachers lack motivation retrieved on 14th September 2008 from http://www.yespakistan.com/education/teacher_motivation.asp.

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores

ACT Reading Test Questions, Content, and Scores Getting ready to master the ACT test? For those of you high school students who have decided to take the ACT as your college admissions test, and for those of you required to take it as a high school exit exam, youd better prepare yourself for the ACT Reading portion of the exam. The ACT Reading section is one of five sections upon which you will be during the ACT Test, and for many students, it is the most difficult. Not only will you need reading strategies to master it, you will need to practice, practice, practice! The other test sections are these: ACT EnglishACT MathematicsACT Science ReasoningThe Enhanced ACT Writing Test The ACT Reading Basics When you flip open your testing booklet to the ACT Reading portion, you will face the following:   40 questions35 minutes4 reading passages with 10 multiple choice questions following each reading passage.3 of the reading passages contain one long passage. 1 of the reading passages contains a pair of related passages.   Although it seems like it would be relatively easy to answer forty questions in 35 minutes, this test is difficult because you also must read the four accompanying passages or sets of passages in addition to answering the questions. Alone, or in pairs, the passages are roughly 80 - 90 lines in length.   ACT Reading Scores Just like the other ACT sections, the ACT Reading section can earn you between 1 and 36 points. The average ACT Reading score is about a 20, but your fellow test-takers are scoring higher than that to get into the really good schools. This score is also combined with the Writing score and English score to give you an ELA average score out of 36.   ACT Reading Skills The ACT Reading section does not test your memorization of vocabulary words in isolation, facts outside of the text, or logical skills. Here are the skills on which youll be tested, which are based on the reporting categories introduced in 2016: Key Ideas and Details: (approximately 22 - 24 questions) Finding the main ideaSummarizing  Making an inferenceUnderstanding sequence of eventsUnderstanding cause and effect relationshipsMaking comparisons Craft and Structure: (approximately 10 - 12 questions) Understanding  authors tone  Understanding  authors purposeAnalyzing characters points of viewUnderstanding vocabulary words in contextAnalyzing text structure Integration of Knowledge and Ideas: (approximately 5 - 7 questions) Analyzing and evaluating authors claimsDifferentiating between fact and opinionUsing evidence to connect texts ACT Reading Test Content So what will you be reading about? Good news! You will not have to interpret poetry. All the text on the ACT Reading section is prose. Whew, right? By the way, the information below is just for reference. As  stated before, you will not be held accountable for knowledge outside of the text, so you dont need to check out books from the library about this stuff. Just realize that you could be reading passages about one of the following subjects, so at least youll know what youre up against. Social Studies: anthropology, archaeology, biography, business, economics, education, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology.Natural Sciences: anatomy, astronomy, biology, botany, chemistry, ecology, geology, medicine, meteorology, microbiology, natural history, physiology, physics, technology, and zoology.Prose Fiction: short stories or excerpts from short stories or novels.Humanities: memoirs and personal essays and in the content areas of architecture, art, dance, ethics, film, language, literary criticism, music, philosophy, radio, television, and theater. ACT Reading Strategies Its imperative that you prepare for  ACT Reading strategies  for this test. Since youll have to answer 40 questions in just 30 minutes and read the four passages (either one long passage or two shorter, related passages), you will not have enough time to just go at it like you usually would in class. You must use some strategies before plunging in, or else you may only get to two or three of the passages! The link will take you to five reading strategies that can boost your score if you use them.   Thats about all you need to know about the ACT Reading section. Try your hand at the following reading comprehension worksheets to help prepare you for what you need to know!

When Worlds Collide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

When Worlds Collide - Essay Example Humans, however, could not help intervene in the course of nature and hence, assist in migration just as when the so-called Torreya Guardians plant Torreya seeds in spots of cooler region from North Carolina to New York. Contemplating upon the impact of climate change, Fox expressed how observations become inclined to thoughts of extinctions and die-offs so that ‘transplantation’ by men, being the remedy accounted for, occurs to be a significant challenge among ecologists. While for ecologist Mark Schwartz, it appears inevitable to rescue some species by assisting their migration, other ecologists realize certain potential threats in this approach. Plant ecologist Richard Primack was bound to conclude that â€Å"our efforts to introduce species will fail† on the basis of Minot Pratt’s gardening with 60 plant species out of which merely 2 new arrivals survived. On the other hand, ecologist Guy Midgley studied 6,000 endemic species where he discovered that protea, a flowering plant, readily interbreed then brought a great deal of critical thinking about the bothersome evolution of new hybrid species which bear the likelihood of eliminating the parent species being saved. Considering, nevertheless, that climate change is allowed to have sole control of rearranging our ecosystems, it would be like as Charles Darwin imagined to be an ‘orderly affair’ between the movement of species and the change in climate it responds to. When t his takes place, according to Fox, no-analog communities or species living in odd combinations develop – a proven situation from analysis of species originating from the last glacial retreat in the past 10,000 to 17,000 years. At this stage, Fox figured that â€Å"it is one thing to move a few charismatic species but quite another to move every anonymous species† that human-assisted migration ought to be customized to meet such concern thus.